{"id":3649,"date":"2020-07-13T15:50:26","date_gmt":"2020-07-13T19:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/?p=3649"},"modified":"2020-08-28T15:54:06","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T19:54:06","slug":"key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/","title":{"rendered":"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-color has-col-fcfcfc-color has-background has-col-2-d-5-c-88-background-color\" style=\"border-radius: 50px;\" href=\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Key-points-on-Espinoza-Ruling.pdf\">Click here for PDF<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The following summarizes the June 30<sup>th<\/sup> Supreme Court ruling in <em>Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue<\/em>. Educators should consult their attorneys for professional legal advice.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Bottom Line: <\/strong>The <em>Espinoza<\/em> ruling effectively nullifies \u201cBlaine amendments\u201d in state constitutions, ensuring that Catholic schools and colleges have equal access to public benefits. Caution is strongly urged to avoid entanglements that jeopardize the mission of Catholic education.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ruling:<\/strong> \u201cThe application of [Montana\u2019s] no-aid provision discriminated against religious schools and the families whose children attend or hope to attend them in violation of the\u2026 Constitution.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Focus on religious character:<\/strong> The Court finds that Montana excluded schools from its tuition program \u201csolely because of their religious character,\u201d triggering strict scrutiny per <em>Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer<\/em> (2017). Under strict scrutiny, \u201cmust advance \u2018interests of the highest order\u2019 and\u2026 be narrowly tailored in pursuit of those interests\u201d (<em>McDaniel v. Paty<\/em>, 1978).<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Not focused on religious use:<\/strong> The Court rejects Montana\u2019s claim that its no-aid provision targets only the <em>use<\/em> of public benefits for religious education, per <em>Locke v. Davey<\/em> (2004). The Court questions the value of such a distinction, but it declines to resolve the matter. \u201cNone of this is meant to suggest that we agree with [Montana] that some lesser degree of scrutiny applies to discrimination against religious uses of government aid.\u201d <em>Locke<\/em> prohibited funds only for clergy training, a narrow exclusion based on \u201chistoric and substantial\u201d concerns.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Nullifies Blaine amendments:<\/strong> The Court rejects Montana\u2019s appeal to its state constitution and no-aid provisions adopted by more than 30 states. It notes that many no-aid provisions were \u201cborn of bigotry\u201d in the 1870s Blaine Amendment and were targeted against Catholics.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Recommendation:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Prioritize Catholic identity:<\/strong> As desperate as the need for funding may be, avoid entanglements that may jeopardize the mission of Catholic education. Accept no compromise with nondiscrimination provisions that violate Catholic teaching.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Prioritize Catholic formation:<\/strong> School choice and scholarship programs can be very helpful to schools and families in need, but admissions procedures should accept only students whose parents embrace the mission of Catholic education. Preserve strong Catholic formation.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p><strong>Catholic Identity Standards Project:<\/strong> The Newman Society is working on policy standards to help Catholic schools and colleges protect and strengthen Catholic identity. This work depends on the assistance of a large number of expert reviewers. If you would like to assist, please contact Michael Kenney, director of Catholic Identity Standards Project, at <a href=\"mailto:mkenney@cardinalnewmansociety.org\">mkenney@cardinalnewmansociety.org<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following summarizes the June 30th Supreme Court ruling in Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue. Educators should consult their attorneys for professional legal advice. Bottom Line: The Espinoza ruling effectively nullifies \u201cBlaine amendments\u201d in state constitutions, ensuring that Catholic schools and colleges have equal access to public benefits. Caution [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"issue":[290,291],"item_type":[],"coauthors":[70],"class_list":["post-3649","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mission-and-governance","issue-public-policy-and-legal-general","issue-research-analysis-public-policy-and-legal-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education - Cardinal Newman Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Catholic schools are not only content providers but also evangelical learning communities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education - Cardinal Newman Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Catholic schools are not only content providers but also evangelical learning communities.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cardinal Newman Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-13T19:50:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-28T19:54:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"582\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Patrick Reilly\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Patrick Reilly\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/\",\"name\":\"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education - Cardinal Newman Society\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-13T19:50:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-28T19:54:06+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b093a094e10e3a61f28997d154833e7c\"},\"description\":\"Catholic schools are not only content providers but also evangelical learning communities.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg\",\"width\":900,\"height\":582,\"caption\":\"Photo by zimmytws via Bigstock.com.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/home\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/\",\"name\":\"Cardinal Newman Society\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b093a094e10e3a61f28997d154833e7c\",\"name\":\"Patrick Reilly\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/2d33577de3c96c5dbb811924d84414fa\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/newmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Reilly-Patrick.jpeg-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/newmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Reilly-Patrick.jpeg-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"Patrick Reilly\"},\"description\":\"Patrick J. Reilly is President, CEO, and Founder of The Cardinal Newman Society, which promotes and defends faithful Catholic education. Since 1993, the Society has led a movement of educators and parents to uphold clear standards of truth and fidelity in Catholic education and to build up a strong core of faithful Catholic schools, homeschools, colleges, and graduate programs. This is done in full accord with the Magisterium of the Catholic Church and to promote the vision of the Society\u2019s holy patron, Saint John Henry Newman. Patrick also serves as an adjunct professor teaching rhetoric at Holy Apostles College and Seminary and a teacher and developer of logic, rhetoric, and philosophy courses for students grade 7-12 at Aquinas Learning, a classical Catholic hybrid school founded and led by his wife, Rosario. He has authored and edited many articles, reports, studies, and other publications on Catholic education for The Cardinal Newman Society and national media; addressed audiences for national and local Catholic organizations; and appeared on EWTN, FOX News, MSNBC, and numerous radio programs. Patrick was awarded Honorary Doctorates of Humane Letters from Benedictine College (Atchison, Kan.) in 2022 and Holy Apostles College and Seminary (Cromwell, Conn.) in 2008. He also was awarded the Catholic Culture Award from Our Lady Seat of Wisdom College (Barry\u2019s Bary, Ontario) in 2023; the Excellence in Youth Ministry Award from the Diocese of Arlington in 2019; the Lumen Vitae Medal from the University of Mary in 2018; the Miles Militantis Ecclesiae Award from the Brent Society of the Diocese of Arlington in 2011; the Hall of Fame Award from the Catholic Education Foundation in 2009; and the Spes Nostra Award from the National Association of Private Catholic and Independent Schools in 2003. He previously served as editor and research fellow at Capital Research Center, executive director of Citizens for Educational Freedom, higher education analyst at the U.S. House of Representatives, program analyst at the U.S. Department of Education, media consultant for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, and chairman of American Collegians for Life. Patrick and his wife Rosario have five children, including four who have attended Newman Guide colleges.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/author\/patrick-reilly\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education - Cardinal Newman Society","description":"Catholic schools are not only content providers but also evangelical learning communities.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education - Cardinal Newman Society","og_description":"Catholic schools are not only content providers but also evangelical learning communities.","og_url":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/","og_site_name":"Cardinal Newman Society","article_published_time":"2020-07-13T19:50:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-08-28T19:54:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":582,"url":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Patrick Reilly","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Patrick Reilly","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/","url":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/","name":"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education - Cardinal Newman Society","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg","datePublished":"2020-07-13T19:50:26+00:00","dateModified":"2020-08-28T19:54:06+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b093a094e10e3a61f28997d154833e7c"},"description":"Catholic schools are not only content providers but also evangelical learning communities.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bigstock-Law-Books-4678173.jpg","width":900,"height":582,"caption":"Photo by zimmytws via Bigstock.com."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/key-points-on-supreme-courts-espinoza\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/home\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Key Points on Supreme Court\u2019s Espinoza Ruling on Public Benefits for Catholic Education"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/","name":"Cardinal Newman Society","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b093a094e10e3a61f28997d154833e7c","name":"Patrick Reilly","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/2d33577de3c96c5dbb811924d84414fa","url":"http:\/\/newmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Reilly-Patrick.jpeg-96x96.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/newmansociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Reilly-Patrick.jpeg-96x96.png","caption":"Patrick Reilly"},"description":"Patrick J. Reilly is President, CEO, and Founder of The Cardinal Newman Society, which promotes and defends faithful Catholic education. Since 1993, the Society has led a movement of educators and parents to uphold clear standards of truth and fidelity in Catholic education and to build up a strong core of faithful Catholic schools, homeschools, colleges, and graduate programs. This is done in full accord with the Magisterium of the Catholic Church and to promote the vision of the Society\u2019s holy patron, Saint John Henry Newman. Patrick also serves as an adjunct professor teaching rhetoric at Holy Apostles College and Seminary and a teacher and developer of logic, rhetoric, and philosophy courses for students grade 7-12 at Aquinas Learning, a classical Catholic hybrid school founded and led by his wife, Rosario. He has authored and edited many articles, reports, studies, and other publications on Catholic education for The Cardinal Newman Society and national media; addressed audiences for national and local Catholic organizations; and appeared on EWTN, FOX News, MSNBC, and numerous radio programs. Patrick was awarded Honorary Doctorates of Humane Letters from Benedictine College (Atchison, Kan.) in 2022 and Holy Apostles College and Seminary (Cromwell, Conn.) in 2008. He also was awarded the Catholic Culture Award from Our Lady Seat of Wisdom College (Barry\u2019s Bary, Ontario) in 2023; the Excellence in Youth Ministry Award from the Diocese of Arlington in 2019; the Lumen Vitae Medal from the University of Mary in 2018; the Miles Militantis Ecclesiae Award from the Brent Society of the Diocese of Arlington in 2011; the Hall of Fame Award from the Catholic Education Foundation in 2009; and the Spes Nostra Award from the National Association of Private Catholic and Independent Schools in 2003. He previously served as editor and research fellow at Capital Research Center, executive director of Citizens for Educational Freedom, higher education analyst at the U.S. House of Representatives, program analyst at the U.S. Department of Education, media consultant for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, and chairman of American Collegians for Life. Patrick and his wife Rosario have five children, including four who have attended Newman Guide colleges.","url":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/author\/patrick-reilly\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue?post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"item_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/item_type?post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardinalnewmansociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}